Historical Materials No.48
ARCHAEOLOGICALLY INVESTIGATED JAPANESE GARDENS
NARA NATIONAL CULTURAL PROPERTIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE
NARA, MARCH 1998
CONTENTS
Preface i
Introduction iv
Part 1: Summaries of Principal Examples of Archaeologically Investigated Japanese Gardens 1
1 Jonokoshi Site Ceremonial Waterside Facility (Mie) 2
A ceremonial waterside facility built in the latter half of the fourth century. A garden-like design can be discerned in the embankment of the watercourse and the placement of upright stones.
2 Uenomiya Site Garden Remains (Nara) 8
Possibly the garden of an aristocrat’s mansion built in the first part of the seventh century, the remains include a unique configuration of a small rectangular pond built of stone, surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped ditch, also of stone.
3 Furumiya Site Garden Remains (Nara) 12
Possibly the garden of an aristocrat’s mansion built in the first part of the seventh century. A stone pavement was constructed to the south of the main building, alongside a meandering water course flowing from a small round pond, both also made of stone.
4 Shimanosho Site Garden Remains (Nara) 16
Possibly the garden of an aristocrat’s mansion built in the first part of the seventh century, the site includes a square pond built of stone, measuring 42 meters on a side. To the east is a watercourse in the form of a mountain stream, from the latter half of the seventh century.
5 Ishigami Site Garden Remains (Nara) 20
The garden of an Imperial Palace built in the mid seventh century. A square pond of stone, six meters on a side, stands within a stone-paved area enclosed by buildings.
6 Koriyama Site Garden Remains (Miyagi) 24
The garden of a government outpost in the Tohoku region, built at the end of the seventh century. The four-meter square stone pond, standing within a larger stone-paved area, is reminiscent of the Ishigami site.
7 Nara Imperial Palace Site Saki-ike Garden Remains (Nara) 28
A garden built at the Nara Imperial Palace in the first part of the eighth century. The garden pond, measuring 150 meters north-south and 160 meters east-west, was built with pebble beaches and ornamental stones.
8 Garden Remains at Blocks 15-16, East Third Ward on First Street, Nara Capital Site (Nara) 32
The garden of an aristocratic mansion built in the first part of the eighth century. A pond 10 meters north-south and 18 meters east-west, built by utilizing part of the moat of a kofun (mounded tomb), contained pebble beaches and ornamentally placed stones.
9 Eastern Palace Garden, Nara Imperial Palace Site (Nara) 60
A garden of the Nara Imperial Palace, built in the first part of the eighth century and renovated at mid century. The garden pond, measuring 60 meters north-south and 60 meters east-west, was built with pebble beaches, an island, a stone composition imitative of mountains, and ornamental stones. Garden buildings were placed around the pond’s periphery.
10 Garden at Block 6, East Second Ward on Third Street, Nara Capital Site (Nara) 44
A garden built in the mid eighth century, possibly as an outlying Imperial facility located within the Nara capital. A stone-paved meandering stream, varying between 2and 7meters in width and 55 meters long, was the garden’s centerpiece.
11 Shinsen’en Site Garden Remains (Kyoto) 48
An Imperial garden, within the Heian capital, whose construction dates from the start of the ninth century. Palace-style buildings and a garden pond using water from a natural spring were contained within a spacious lot measuring 500 meters north-south and 250 meters east-west.
12 Osawa-no-ike Garden (Kyoto) 52
The garden of a detached Imperial Villa built to the west of the Heian capital in the first part of the ninth century. The 190 meter north-south by 240 meter east-west pond was built by damming a natural stream. The garden is well known for its rockwork waterfall and the upright stones standing in the pond.
13 Arashiyama Site Garden Remains (Kyoto) 58
Possibly the garden of an aristocrat's mansion built in the early part of the ninth century. The pond contained a pebble beach and ornamentally placed stones.
14 Kaya-no-in Site Garden Remains (Kyoto) 60
The garden of a dwelling built in the Heian residential style of a high-ranking aristocrat, whose construction dates from the first part of the eleventh century. The pond was built with ornamental stones and pebble beaches decorated with white sand.
15 Garden at Byodo-in Temple (Kyoto) 68
The garden of a temple built in the mid eleventh century. With the Amida Hall standing on the central island constructed as a model of the Pure Land, Amida’s Western Paradise, this is a classic example of a Pure Land garden.
16 Toba Imperial Villa Site Garden Remains (Kyoto) 74
These gardens were part of a vast Imperial Villa built over a200 year period from the end of the eleventh century. Several garden ponds with pebble beaches, rockwork embankments, and ornamental stones have been excavated at the Southern, Northern, and Eastern Halls compounds and at the Kongoshin-in Temple.
17 Horikawa-in Site Garden Remains (Kyoto) 80
The garden of a twelfth-century aristocratic mansion. Water led through the garden by a stream cascaded over a falls into the pond. The pond contained a pebble beach, and ornamental stones were placed near the stream.
18 Garden Remains at Block 9, East Third Ward on Fourth Street, Heian Capital Site (Kyoto) 84
The garden of an aristocrat’s mansion built in the latter part of the eleventh century. A central island decorated with a placement of stones stands in the middle of a six-meter wide stream, completely paved with stones.
19 Garden Remains at Hokongo-in Temple (Kyoto) 88
The garden of a temple built in the twelfth century, containing a rock waterfall four meters tall, and a gourd-shaped pond 150 meters north-south and 140 meters east-west.
20 Garden at Motsu-ji Temple (Iwate) 92
The garden of a large temple constructed in the twelfth century at Hiraizumi in the Tohoku region. The pond measuring 90 meters north-south and 180 meters east-west contained pebble beaches, a central island, and an upright stone standing in the water; the stream leading to the pond was completely paved with stones.
21 Kayanomori Site Garden Remains (Kyoto) 100
The garden of a temple built at the end of the twelfth century. Focused on a stream, the garden contains an island and low waterfall, and rockwork used for the stream banks.
22 Yofuku-ji Temple Site Garden Remains (Kanagawa) 106
A Pure Land garden of a temple built at the end of the twelfth century. The pond on the east side of the Buddha Hall measures 200 meters north-south and from 40 to 70 meters east-west, with pebble beaches used along the shoreline. It was built with an island, and ornamental stones were freely used.
23 Kabasaki-dera Temple Site Garden Remains (Tochigi) 112
A Pure Land garden of a temple built from the end of the twelfth century. The pond, 150 meters north-south and 60 meters east-west, contains a central island and ornamental stones.
24 Garden at Shomyo-ji Temple (Kanagawa) 116
A Pure Land garden of a temple built at the start of the fourteenth century. The pond measuring 45 to 85 meters north-south and 85 meters east-west has a pebble beach and a central island.
25 Garden at Rokuon-ji (or Kinkaku-ji) Temple (Kyoto) 122
The garden of an aristocratic villa built in the first part of the thirteenth century, renovated at the end of the fourteenth century as the temple widely known as “Kinkaku-ji.” Excavations of the pond from the thirteenth-century villa period recovered a waterfall and banks of rockwork.
26 Ema Mansion Site Garden Remains (Gifu) 126
The garden of the mansion of a local military leader, built at the end of the fourteenth century. It contains a pond measuring 19 meters both north-south and east-west, equipped with rockwork banks, a pebble beach, a central island and ornamental stones.
27 Garden at To Mansion Site (Gifu) 130
The garden of the mansion of a local military leader, built in the first part of the fifteenth century. The pond measures 11 meters north-south and 25 meters east-west, and was built with rockwork banks, a central island and upright stones standing in the water.
28 Garden at Jisho-ji (or Ginkaku-ji) Temple (Kyoto) 134
The garden of the temple widely known as “Ginkakuji,” built in the latter part of the fifteenth century. Excavations uncovered the rockwork bank of a pond and other garden remains.
29 Garden at Kofuku-ji Daijo-in Temple Site (Nara) 138
The garden of a temple built in the twelfth century, then renovated in the fifteenth. The pond at present measures 100 meters north-south and 80 meters east-west, and contains several islands. Excavations uncovered the remains of a pebble beach.
30 Garden Remains at Block 13, East Third Ward on Third Street, Heian Capital Site (Kyoto) 146
Possibly the garden of a samurai residence built around the fifteenth century, containing a nearly rectangular pond, measuring 9.5 meters north-south and 11 meters east-west, and a rockwork water fall. The garden later underwent renovation.
31 Gardens at Ichijodani Asakura-shi Site (Fukui) 150
These gardens, located in the castle town of a feudal warlord in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, belonged to the lord’s mansion, a temple, samurai residences and other buildings. The garden at the lord’s mansion contained a pond built with rockwork banks and waterfall; a rectangular flowerbed was found in another sector of the manor.
32 Ouchi Mansion Site Garden Remains (Yamaguchi) 158
The garden of a feudal warlord's mansion, built in the first part of the sixteenth century. The pond, built with rockwork banks and a central island, measured 39 meters north-south and 20 meters east-west.
33 Garden at Takanashi Mansion Site (Nagano) 162
The garden of the mansion of a local military leader, built in the first part of the sixteenth century. The pond was equipped with rockwork banks and waterfall, a central island, and ornamental stones.
34 Mantoku-in Temple Site Garden Remains (Hiroshima) 166
The garden of a temple constructed in the latter part of the sixteenth century. The stream-fed pond, 30 meters north-south and 12-18 meters east-west, was built around a central island.
35 Garden Remains at Nishi Hongan-ji Temple (Kyoto) 170
A garden on the grounds of a temple built at the end of the sixteenth century, containing a pond measuring over 11 meters north-south 20 meters east-west, constructed with rockwork banks and ornamentally placed stones.
36 Akizuki Castle Site, Okugoten Garden Remains (Fukuoka) 174
The garden of a residence within a castle built in the first part of the seventeenth century. It was constructed as a pond and hill garden; the pond was 19 meters north-south and 10 meters east-west, furnished with rockwork banks and pebble beaches.
37 Garden at Shokado Site (Kyoto) 178
A tea garden built in the first part of the seventeenth century as part of the retreat of a man of letters. Various components of tea garden architecture, including a stone pavement and washbasin, and an ornamental outhouse.
38 Tatsuno Fief Wakisaka-ke Kamiyashiki Site Garden Remains (Tokyo) 182
The garden of a feudal lord's Edo manor, built in the mid to late seventeenth century. The M-shaped pond measuring 40 meters north-south and 10 meters east-west was furnished with rockwork banks and pebble beaches.
39 Gardens at the Ashikaga Gakko Site (Tochigi) 186
These gardens are located on the grounds of a school built around the first part of the eighteenth century. Gardens with ponds are found on the northern and southern sides of the school buildings. The pond of the northern garden was made with a central island and banks of rockwork.
Part2: Comprehensive List of Archaeologically Investigated Japanese Gardens 191
Map of Archaeologically Investigated Japanese Gardens 192
Comprehensive List of Archaeologically Investigated Japanese Gardens 194
Comprehensive List of Reports on Archaeologically Investigated Japanese Gardens 234
Indexes 254
Contents in English 257
1998年3月31日 発行
発掘庭園資料
奈良国立文化財研究所史料 第48冊
